“History will always repeat itself.” Those were the words of Greek
historian Thucydides, spoken in the 5th Century BC, and yet still
today, no truer words could be spoken.
In fact, in my line of work researching the past, I have
often found tragedies which seemed to repeat themselves in a later generation,
almost as if it were some sort of vicious cycle. As if a sinister, cosmic wheel kept spinning in the same circle within a family lineage, like a broken record,
repeating the events with no rhyme or reason as to why.
Today, I am going to share with you the story of Albina Keyes,
but we will also take a deep dive into her family history to see just how death
seemed to follow the women in her family, almost as if in a pattern, one after
the other, just in different time periods.
Several years ago, I shared the sad events relating to the
murder of Albina. As tragic as her story was, I
had no idea that years later, I would come in contact with her great, great
grand daughter Adria Bowman, and together we would unravel another family
mystery. The odd thing about Albina’s story was that the more we dug into her
family history, the more we discovered that this story had all happened once before.
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| Photo of Amanda Dale |
So, before I get to the details of Albina’s life and death,
first I will share with you the original tragedy, the one that I believe
started it all. It all begins in the
Miwok Village within the area of Shingle Springs, California.
The year is 1898, and Mary Robinson and her daughter Amanda
Dale are living on the Miwok reservation at Shingle Springs, California. Amanda’s
father, Abraham Dale and her mother, Mary, had split earlier on in Amanda’s
life. Mary remarried two more times, eventually settling down with a Native
American medicine man by the name of William Joseph, and they had several
children together. Mary, Amanda’s
mother, was half Native American and half black, while Amanda’s father was of
English descent.
Amanda was an adult by this time in 1898. In fact, she was 21
years old, with two children of her own. When Amanda was just 14 years old, she
fell in love with an older, married man, and found herself in a precarious
position. The man, Francisco Bergala, a native of Chile, had moved up to the gold country during the Gold Rush and settled there, eventually marrying Susan
Nieda of Sutter Creek. The two had seven children together.
According to documented records, during the summer of 1890, Susan
had to undergo an operation for some sort of health issue, and it rendered her
an invalid for the rest of her life. Instead of taking care of his wife and
children, Francisco left his wife’s care with his children and he took Amanda
as his “common law” wife. Soon, his first family found themselves destitute and begging
for assistance from the county for financial aid in order to survive.
News spread around the area quickly, and soon Francisco found
himself indicted not only for adultery, but also rape, being that Amanda was
only 14 years old at the time they had relations. Not only that, but Amanda
also soon found herself pregnant, and in October of 1891,
Amanda gave birth to her first child, Albina Bergala.
The newspapers relay the
story in the Mountain Democrat dated January 23, 1892, mentioning that the Grand
Jury indicted Francisco, and a guilty verdict was found. It appears as though he
didn’t do any real jail time, as the records stated he faced 125 days in jail or a fine
of $250.
It looks as though eventually Francisco Bergala was out of
the picture, and Amanda started a relationship and eventually married Jack “Acorn
Jack” Nickel, who happened to be her step-father’s nephew. After thorough
research into the case, both Adria and I have come to the conclusion that
Amanda possibly had one other child, this time with Jack.
According to oral histories transcribed of William Joseph,
Amanda’s step-father, he stated that Amanda and her brother Jesseway’s paternal
grandmother, had passed away in Missouri, and since their father Abraham had
predeceased her, an inheritance was owed to the two siblings.
“The grandmother of those two died in Missouri, and
apparently left everything to them, money and a ten-thousand-dollar house in a
town in Missouri. This girl, Mandy said, “Write for me, stepfather, I want five
hundred and fifty dollars,” she said. “The money my grandmother left is said to
be there, left for me.” I wrote her uncle who was called Jacob C. Dale, the
check came.” -- William Joseph, oral history.
Sadly though, Amanda did not keep her personal financial
information a secret and when she became involved with Jack Nickel, she later
found this was a terrible mistake. Once Acorn Jack learned that she had a
substantial inheritance, and after becoming her husband, he took the money and
squandered it on booze and gambling. It lasted a grand total of three months
without Amanda ever having seen one dime of it.
One day while William Joseph was at work, which was just over the hill, a fight between Amanda and Jack ensued. The
newspapers mentioned that it was jealousy that threw Jack into a fit of rage,
and he took his rifle and shot Amanda and her mother, Mary, killing them both.
“Triple Homicide”-- “Last Saturday afternoon, near the
Greenstone mine, at the home of his mother-in-law, Mrs. Wm. Joseph, a quadroon*.
Jack Nickel shot and killed her and his wife, an octoroon.* In shooting the latter he wounded a child
which she was holding in her arms, and having finished his deadly work he
pulled off one his shoes, put the muzzle of his Winchester rifle against his
heart, touched the trigger with his tow and fell dead with the gun by his side.
A little daughter of Mrs. Joseph, twelve years old, was the
only eyewitness. A few minutes after the shooting, George Wade carried the news
to Shingle Springs and notice came thence to the coroner, by whom inquests were
held the following day. For some time, the Indian had been sick and using some
sort of medicine and whether too much of the drug or the devil instigated the
brutal homicide may never be known.”—Mountain Democrat, November 19th,
1898
According to a transcribed account given by William Joseph of what transpired that day, as he recalled it while working with his boss, J.D. Annette:
“Acorn Jack must have been angry that day. There were hunters
shooting there all the time.
I said “I seem to hear shooting.”
“But maybe it’s those hunters,” J.D. Annette said. “I have heard
women crying right over at your house. Let us go and see!”
“We went. We met my daughter running. “He has killed my
mother and my elder sister!” she said.
And J.D. Annette said, “Don’t go! He will kill you!”
“Never mind, I am going, I want to see my wife!”
“Wait, I will give you my gun!”
He gave me his gun, a Winchester. I went to the house. He
(his boss) went to the top of that hill to watch me from there. I saw my wife laying
on her back, dead. Going on, I saw the girl laying on her side. Close to her
lay the little two-month old baby, his bullet had apparently grazed its chin.
I said, “Maybe he is inside.” I ran past the doorway. I saw
that fellow laying in front of me, he
had evidently killed himself, shot himself in the breast. The bullet had
apparently not gone through. I shouted to J.D. Annette, “Come, that fellow has
evidently killed himself!”
We picked up only the two women and took them inside. We did
not take that Acord Jack but let him lie in the same place. Then I went to tell
the police. A lot of white men arrived. After keeping them for two days, I
buried them all. That is what Acorn Jack did there, he killed my wife. That is
that.” --- Story # 70, "Nisenan Texts & Dictionary," by Uldall & Shipley, published by University of California Press, dated 1/1/1966.
– University
of California Press, published Jan, 1, 1966., U.C. Berkeley.
No more was ever noted about the two-month-old baby, so there
is no information as to where he or she ended up. However, we do know that
Amanda’s older child, Albina, who was only 7 years old at the time ended up
with her father, Francisco Bergala.
So, one would assume that Albina would go off to live with
her father and things would work out, right? Wrong. Unfortunately, fate had its
sights set on poor Albina, and it was going to follow her to the very end.
History Repeats Itself-
The year was 1907, and by this time Albina was 15 years old. Census records noted that she and her father
were living in Plymouth at the time. Like her mother did only a little over 15 years ago, it
appears that Albina caught the eye of a much older, John “Jack” Keyes, who was
13 years her senior, and the couple started a sexual relationship. At some point her father must have told her
that she wasn’t allowed to see Jack Keyes, because the Amador Dispatch dated
October 11, 1907, states that Keyes was arrested for the abduction of Albina.
In reality, Albina had run off to be with him, but because Keyes was an adult
at the time, he was accountable to the law.
While still in jail, Albina and her father visited Keyes, and
it was decided that all charges would be dropped if he agreed to marry his daughter.
So, the couple were legally wed on January 16, 1908.
Things started off on the wrong foot, so-to-speak, because
Albina gave birth to their first son alone, while Jack (and his brother Edward
Keyes) were doing time in the penitentiary. They had been arrested for burglary and sent to San
Quentin.
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| John "Jack" Keyes |
Because of “good behavior” the two were paroled early. Jack
was released September 1910, while Edward was released in 1911.
During the time that Jack was incarcerated, Albina and her
son, Johnny moved back with her father. The census records for 1910 shows them
living in Plymouth with Francisco.
When Keyes was released Albina and Johnny went back with him.
Not even a year later, Jack and Albina are in the newspapers
again, this time after their son Johnny went missing. The Amador Ledger mentions
that three-year-old Johnny disappeared, but later his parents admitted that he
had been given away to campers named Mr. & Mrs. Smith, who had recently
lost their own child. According to the Keyes (Jack and Albina) they had given
their child away to the family because they couldn’t afford to take care of
him, as they were in financial difficulties. No one ever found out who these
alleged campers were, and no records have ever been found to validate their
story.
When I read this information, I was taken aback. Something in
my gut said this story just didn’t add up. And it still doesn’t. Steve Jones, genealogist, and Find-a-grave
contributor, whom I have been in contact with for several years regarding
Albina’s story, also thought the story was suspicious, as did Albina’s great-great
granddaughter Adria, as well. All three
of us have speculated that Johnny’s disappearance didn’t happen the way Keyes claimed,
and that perhaps little Johnny met an untimelier ending, and sadly, one that we
will never be able to confirm.
Moving forward, Albina and Jack went on to have more children.
Marguerite was born in 1913, William in 1915, and lastly Marie on March 6, 1918.
According to the newspaper articles discovered by Steve Jones, they state that 5
year-old Marguerite died at a Sacramento hospital on May 10, 1918, which was
the result of swallowing a pine nut which lodged in her throat a few days
before. Her grandmother, Marguerite Keyes Morales, brought her to the hospital
in Sacramento for treatment. The nut had been removed by way of an operation,
but she died from the infection that followed her surgery. She was buried in
the Keyes family plot in Plymouth.
Unfortunately, this would not be the last of the tragedies to
befall Albina or the family itself.
The original article I discovered so many years ago, the very story
that first drew my attention to Albina’s story, reads:
The Tragedy -- August 29, 1918
"Brutal Husband Kills Wife And Child With Axe-
One of the most brutal murders it has been our duty to record occurred
yesterday sometime before noon at the Head place*, about two miles
up the ridge from the Summit House, when Jack Keyes with the blunt side of an
axe crushed the skull of his wife, Bina Keyes, aged 24, and then inflicted a
fatal blow with the same instrument on the forehead of their 6 month old
daughter, Marie Keyes.
The first known of the crime was about 8:30 last night, when Keyes came to the
County Hospital in Jackson and asked Superintendent Murphy for some
poison. Murphy asked what he wanted it for, and Keyes replied that his
had killed his wife and baby with an axe. Murphy told him it was hard to get
poison but Mr. Dodd, the nurse, would take him down town for some, and while
they walked away from the building Murphy quickly called up the Sheriff, who
met Keyes shortly after this side of the hospital. Keyes told the Sheriff he
had killed his wife and baby because a lady told him his wife was an anarchist.
The Sheriff placed Keyes in jail and went to the scene of the murder.
When asked why he killed the child, Keyes said he figured the baby was an
anarchist also. He said he struck his wife several times with the axe before
the fatal blow crushed her skull. After the murder Keyes washed the bodies,
dressed and covered them. He sat around the house during the afternoon, until
the time he came to Jackson.
Keyes showed absolutely no signs of being intoxicated, as testified to by both
Superintendent Murphy and Sheriff Lucot at the inquest held here today by
Coroner Dolores A. Potter.
During the inquest Keyes, angered at the removal of a stove poker from his
reach, sprang from his chair and attacked Deputy Sheriff Ford. Instantly a
dozen men were on the job and a well-directed blow on the murderer's neck by
Telephone Manager Watts, a juryman, floored the belligerent.
When asked if he had anything to say, Keyes said he wanted to be hanged. Other
than that, he made no further statement. Keyes has been in trouble before. It
is said he and his wife quarreled frequently. She feared to return to him from
the County Hospital, where the baby was born on March 6 of this year."
---Amador Dispatch (8/30/1918)
*(The Head Ranch was located east of Sutter
Creek/Sutter Hill, up Ridge Road, near the Summit Ridge. This was the ranch owned
by James Head, the step-father of the infamous Black Widow of Amador County,
the one and only Emma LeDoux. She was made infamous for the brutal murder of
her husband Albert McVicar in 1906, as well as being a bigamist. To read about
her story, please go to the link here: https://jaimerubiowriter.blogspot.com/2018/05/emma-ledoux-black-widow-of-amador.html )
By October of 1918, Keyes was declared unfit for trial due to
being “insane,” and was sent down to the Stockton State Hospital for treatment
until fit to be tried for the murders. By May 23rd, 1919, Keyes made
headlines once again, when he escaped from the Stockton State Hospital by “slipping
out of line passing from one yard to another.”
He was on the lam for about 6 months when Amador County Sheriff
George Lucot received a tip that Keyes might be at the Lincoln Ranch. Quickly,
Lucot went to check out his lead, and sure enough, he was able to apprehend his
prisoner.
One note that I would like to make is that in my research of
stories pertaining to crimes in Amador County history, I have found so many
times that Sheriff Lucot is personally involved in apprehending the criminal. Sheriff
George Lucot was the longest standing Sheriff in Amador County history, and to
my knowledge, the State of California, and possibly even the United States as a
whole, as well. George Lucot became Sheriff in 1914 and retired in 1954, making
his career of a Sheriff a grand total of 40 years.
While investigating the local history within Amador County, I have watched stories reveal
themselves to me, by way of the old microfilms at the library. Case by case,
Sheriff Lucot always seemed to be one step ahead, catching the bad guy
and saving the day. He has become a hero in my book, just as Sheriff Phoenix is
to me, (the very first Amador County Sheriff).
From hostage crisis situations, attempting to spearhead the
rescue of the greatest mining accident in U.S. history, down to hunting down a
murderer, even going across state lines in order to do so, George Lucot saw
it all, did it all, and was prepared to do whatever it took to catch his
prisoner. With his keen investigation skills, he remained the larger-than-life
force that Amador County needed for so many years.
Back to the story-
After being apprehended on November 10, 1919, Keyes was declared
sane enough for trial, but pled guilty on November 14, and was
sentenced on Monday, November 17, by Judge Wood. On November 20,
1919, Keyes was received at San Quentin Prison, but only lasted there for a
week, and was then transferred on November 28, 1919 to Folsom, where he
remained for the time being. The 1920 Census records show him as a “quarryman”
and of course, an inmate, at Folsom. His records note that he was then
transferred to the Napa Asylum on November 16, 1921 – and from there things get
sketchy.
According to notes by Dorothy Pinotti, she claimed he died
while at Napa and his remains were brought back to Plymouth and buried in the
Keyes family plot at the cemetery. However, there are no death records
available to validate this. Even Napa County Hospital was unable to confirm
this with me. You see, there is a John
Keys (not Keyes) listed in the 1930 and 1940 Census records at the hospital in
Napa, but the information on this person does not match our Keyes. For one, John
Keys in the 1930 census states his mother and father are from Ohio, while we
know our John KEYES’ parents were from Ireland and Canada. I scoured through
the patient list for the entire hospital and found a few other “Keys” but no
one with the same name, and no one with matching family background. It is as if
John Joseph Keyes just vanished.
And with no death certificate available on record, I cannot definitively
state that he is buried at the Keyes family plot in Plymouth. So, the
whereabouts of his remains and his mortal ending is still somewhat of a mystery, for now.
So what happened to baby Johnny, who disappeared at 3 years of age?
Did John Keyes really give him away to campers, or was it something more
sinister? Did he kill his own child? How did little Marguerite choke on the pine nut? Was that all just an accident,
too? We know for a fact, John lost it mentally, when he took an axe to his wife
and infant daughter Marie, but was he responsible for more deaths than theirs?
What boggles my mind is the fact that by writing about that one
tragedy so many years ago, a story I had unknowingly stumbled upon, in turn has slowly unraveled and uncovered the skeletons of old family secrets hidden between the
pages of the old archives, just waiting and yearning to be told once more. The names
of those people who hadn’t been uttered in over a hundred or more years, were
once spoken of and their stories brought back to life again.
When I initially wrote about the tragic story of Albina Keyes’
death it stuck with me. I was emotionally driven by this story to find her
grave, although sadly she has no marker for you to visit. Thanks to Steve Jones’
sleuthing, he found the original sexton cards for the Jackson City Cemetery which
provides clues to where Albina and baby Marie were buried, but their graves are
still unmarked.
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| Albina's Burial Card (Sexton Record) |
I believe that Amanda Dale and Mary Robinson are buried on
the native burial grounds in Shingle Springs somewhere, although I am unsure if
the area is accessible, let alone whether there is any sort of marker for them
there at all.
In regard to the other Keyes’ children, we will never know what
happened to Johnny. Marguerite was buried in the family plot in Plymouth in 1918
and William, the one child who seemed to dodge a bullet so-to-speak, was raised
by his paternal grandparents in Plymouth per the 1920, 1930 census records. He
eventually grew up and moved away, and it is his great granddaughter Adria who
contacted me after reading my original blog about Albina.
I hope that one day, by getting enough exposure to Albina’s
story, we can drum up enough interest within the community to erect a marker for
both Albina and baby Marie at the Jackson Cemetery where they have been resting,
undetected and unknown for far too long. They both deserve to be remembered and
no longer be part of the forgotten. --
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According to Steve Jones, this is the spot where Albina and Marie are said to be buried
in an unmarked grave. Hopefully in the future I will be able to definitely state exactly where in
this general area they both are buried, and perhaps maybe (with the cemetery board's help) we can
obtain permission to get some sort of memorial plaque for them both. |
A Big Thank You To: Steve Jones (Find-a-Grave Contributor & Researcher) as well as
Adria Bowman, Great Great Granddaughter of Albina Bergala Keyes.
Copyright 2022 - J'aime Rubio, www.jaimerubiowriter.com
Sources:
Amador Dispatch, 9/30/1918
Amador Ledger, 9/30/1918
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Amador Dispatch, 9/5/1918
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Amador Dispatch, 5/29/1919
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Stockton Independent 9/1/1918
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Amador Dispatch, 11/20/1919
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Sacramento Daily Union, 6/3/1919
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Amador Ledger Dispatch, 11/13/1919
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Amador Ledger Dispatch 11/21/1919
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Stockton Evening Record, 11/10/1919
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Amador Ledger Dispatch, 5/30/1919
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Amador Ledger Dispatch, 10/25/1918
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Amador Ledger Dispatch, 5/17/1918
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San Francisco Call, 11/14/1898
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Mountain Democrat 11/12/1898
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Amador Ledger, 8/11/1911
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Amador Dispatch, 8/29/1918
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Amador Dispatch, 10/11/1907
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Amador Ledger, 1/17/1908
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Mountain Democrat 1/23/1892
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El Dorado Republican 11/15/1918
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1910,1920,1930,1940 Census Records
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Prison Records, Folsom & San Quentin
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Find-a-grave, Ancestry & Family Search
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Family tree records, from Adria Bowman
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Story # 70 of "Nisenan Texts & Dictionary," by Uldall & Shipley, published by University of California Press, dated
1/1/1966
